Firman of the Emperor Akbar
![Detail of a pattern](https://asia.si.edu/wp-content/themes/custom/nmaa/nmaa-frontend/public/images/hero-bkgrnd-desktop.jpg)
Terms of Use
Usage Conditions ApplyAt A Glance
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Period
1604 -
Geography
India -
Material
Opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper -
Dimension
H x W: 87.6 x 40.6 cm (34 1/2 x 16 in) -
Accession Number
F2001.12 -
EDAN ID
edanmdm:fsg_F2001.12
Object Details
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School/Tradition
Mughal school -
Description
Eight lines of calligraphy within central space. On the proper left side is a border, 6.5-8 cm wide, of arabesques and flowers. A narrower border with a geometric pattern is on the bottom edge and part of the proper right side.On the top border (30 cm high) is a painting of a temple, Emperor Akbar's name, title, and seals. The top border and the callgraphy are on the same sheet of paper; the side and borders are pasted on.The seal of the Emperor Akbar (with a central circle bearing his name and eight smaller circles inscribed with the name of Akbar's Timurid ancestors) appears in the space to the right of the temple depicted in the farman. The emperor's name and title are also written on the empty panel that occupies the position where the temple's interior image would otherwise appear. The wide border along the right side of the farman is decorated with a continuously scrolling floral arabesque, of great richness. While the much narrower borders (partially missing) on the other two sides are decorated with a simple repeat design. -
Inscriptions
See the description field. -
Provenance
A.C. Ardeshir, Bombay, India and Windsor, England [1]Family of A.C. Ardeshir, by descent [2]To 2001Terence McInerney Fine Arts Ltd., New York City, to 2001From 2001Freer Gallery of Art, purchased from Terence McInerney Fine Arts Ltd. in 2001Notes:[1] According to Curatorial Note 3, Terence McInerney, June 2001, in the object record. Also, this object, as with most objects in the Ardeshir collection, was sent to England prior to the outbreak of World War I (according to Curatorial Note 3, Terence McInerney, June 2001, in the object record).[2] See note 1. -
Collection
Freer Gallery of Art Collection -
Previous custodian or owner
A. C. ArdeshirTerence McInerney Fine Arts, Ltd. (active 1990-2013) -
Origin
India -
Credit Line
Purchase — funds provided by the Friends of the National Museum of Asian Art in honor of Milo C. Beach -
Type
Document -
Restrictions and Rights
Usage Conditions Apply
There are restrictions for re-using this media. For more information, visit the Smithsonian's Terms of Use page.
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