Selected Collectors and Dealers

Shaping the Collections: Dealers and Collectors of Asian Art

Asian Art Provenance Connections Project

Provenance research at the National Museum of Asian Art encompasses research into ownership, collecting, and art market histories. In addition to tracing the history of one object at a time, our researchers investigate the sources of the works of art in our collections. Sources take a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, private donors and collectors, auction houses, galleries, and dealers. In turn, these individuals and businesses procured their collections from other sources around the world. It is the provenance researcher’s job to identify an object’s journey across time and space, from its creation to its arrival at the museum, tracing its connection to different individuals.

This page presents biographies of dealers and collectors who were instrumental in shaping the collections of the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. Each biography can be accessed as a PDF document. Collection objects and archival materials associated with each individual collector and dealer are also linked. Researchers update existing documents and write new biographies when they uncover new information.

This resource, which began in 2016, is generously funded by the David Berg Foundation.


Diedrich Abbes (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
Related Smithsonian records

Wiliam Cleverly Alexander (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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George Findlay Andrew (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Abel William Bahr (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Peter Johannes Bahr (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Siegfried Bing (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
Related Smithsonian records

Carl Whiting Bishop (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
Related Smithsonian records

Bluett and Sons (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Alice Boney (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Edward Chow (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Thomas Benedict Clarke (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Charles Anderson Dana (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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David David-Weill (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Duanfang (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Gustav Ecke (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
Related Smithsonian records

Eskenazi Ltd. (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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George Aristedes Eumorfopoulos (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Ernest Fenollosa (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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John C. Ferguson (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Charles Lang Freer (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Leonard Gow (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Desmond Gure (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Isaac Taylor Headland (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Arthur Lonsdale Hetherington (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Mrs. Christian R. Holmes (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Jun Tsei Tai (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Orvar Karlbeck (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Dikran Kelekian (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Thomas Joseph Larkin (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Berthold Laufer (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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John Ellerton Lodge (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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C.T. Loo (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Henry Gurdon Marquand (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Agnes Meyer (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Eugene Meyer (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Percival David Foundation for Chinese Art (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Friedrich Perzynski (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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James Marshall Plumer (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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John Alexander Pope (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Arthur M. Sackler (pdf)
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Paul Singer (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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John Sparks (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Julius Spier (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Spink and Son (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Harold Stern (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Tonying and Company (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Henri Albert Van Oort (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Albert von Le Coq (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
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Archibald Gibson Wenley (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
Related Smithsonian records

Zhang Daqian (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
Related Smithsonian records

Zhang Naiji (pdf)
Related Freer and Sackler collections
Related Smithsonian records


The National Museum of Asian Art provides this information for educational purposes only. The Museum does not endorse commercial entities or their products. The information presented on this website may be revised and updated at any time as ongoing research progresses or as otherwise warranted. Pending any such revisions and updates, information on this site may be incomplete or inaccurate or may contain typographical errors. Neither the Smithsonian nor its regents, officers, employees, or agents make any representations about the accuracy, reliability, completeness, or timeliness of the information on the site. Use this site and the information provided on it subject to your own judgment. The Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery welcome information that would augment or clarify the ownership history of objects in their collections.